Thursday, February 28, 2019

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Paper Essay

Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesIn a ground of finances, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles seem to play a commodious role. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or GAAP, is define as the pot of guidelines and rules which the financial firms adhere in their work. GAAP is useful due to the temperament of cosmos able to standardize the methods for the presidential terms to follow, and it establishes consistency from year to year in documents such(prenominal) as financial statements (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2011). Healthcargon is inevitably a business like any some other according to the authors, and such healthcare organizations are sure to benefit from GAAP. Cleverly et al (2011), attempts to teach the contributor the five of the principles in their work. They are as follows Accounting Entity, Money Measurement, Duality, exist Valuation, and Stable Mo lootary Unit. To apply these essential principles to healthcare organizational settings, it is of impo rt to study how each of the principles are defined.Principle 1 Accounting EntityIt is verbalise that accounting entity is an organization which is involved in economical activities with own assets and resources which should be accounted (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2011). The authors also state that if the definition is not properly determined, evaluations readiness become even useless and misleading. Legal entity and accounting entity are different. This sum that sometimes it is not apparent for the firms define the accounting entity, as other groups such as universities and government might be involved with the organization as well. Cleverly et al (2011) gives a great example of what could kick the bucket if not all aspects are accounted for. In healthcare organizations, the idea of eruption benefits such as bonus wages being paid in municipal basis might not be visible to the hospitals accounts. This could possibly cause understatement of the expenses, which could affect th e finances of the hospital as a whole.Principle 2 Money MeasurementMeasurement of bullion is not an easy task in a business setting. in that respect areresources essential for running a business and other economic obligations the business has to provide and meet. This could be applied in the same bureau for healthcare organizations. Assets are usually greater than the liabilities (Cleverly et al, 2011). Liabilities are resources from another entity such as bank loans. With the presence of liabilities, owners interests are gained to the entity which provided the loans. When the firms earn these elements into account, they should acquire a general idea of the accounting entitys assets and how they are utilized. When the liabilities are unpaid, then the lenders would then make the equity claims, unless the organization was a non-for profit healthcare organization. There are no equity claims for non-profit HCOs, and they average becomes the property of the state (Cleverly et al, 20 11).Principle 3 DualityDuality is defined as a simple equation. Assets of the business should equal the liabilities owed plus the winnings assets. Liabilities and net assets are always counted as assets. It is state that a significant number of HCOs use this principle with different transactions with lenders. Individual asset, liability and net asset always equals the same amount through the duality principle(Cleverly et al, 2011).Principle 4 Cost ValuationThis principle is used to deem the think of of the business. It involves historical cost, replacement value, and the market value. Although the asset is considered equal to the liabilities and the net assets, its market value is a different story. If the cost of investment is to a greater extent than the return, interventions need to be made to either sell the assets or glide by operation with resource cuts in the operation. Replacement cost would play a huge role in a hospital where the new and correct information technol ogies are being developed constantly. It is likely for the hospital a significant more money to replace the current technology being used and inflation.Principle 5 Stable Monetary unit concord to the authors Celverly et al (2011), stable monetary unit is the generalized value of a dollar whether it was now or then. For example, the dollar from 2000 would be considered the same value as the current dollar. This however, could cause problems due to inflation. healthcareorganizations could put themselves at significant cash deficit if the management does that put the inflation into account. Healthcare whether it is for profit or not, is still considered a business. Although non-profit HCOs are different at times, the HCOs still require resources, and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles assists the HCOs to stay unvarying and allows the managements to see the assets as a whole.ReferencesCleverly, W. O., Song, P. H., & Cleverly, J. O. (2011). Essentials of health care finance (7th ed.). Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett Learning..

Stochiometry lab

Immediately turned too navy blue chroma Same musty looking obnubilate that floated and did not mix sound, brought come to the fore the blue lour Immediately changed color to a musty yellow color, not very serve with anymore either No Change Caused salvey white amount of money that did not mix well, not immediate reply Enhanced calorie-free blue color with scrambley substance not flux into the midpoint Turned to a dark blue color with a breaking wind of brown looking Musty cream cloud that did not mix.Brought out the yellow Made the yellow color a shade darker, not much change Cream specks, mixed better than others, faster reaction as well Darkened the yellow tint and mixed well with original Darker the yellow color, as well as making It take care a hint of orangeMusty cream that mixed a dinky and coloured with a create looking substance Minimal Change, blended into clear substance Created a dark white color, very hard to percolate through, thick looking substance No Change Muggy cream that took over the clear color substance, immediate reaction Must cream color, almost looks like a cloud, very enhanced over the sable paper More grey colored and more visible to see the bottom Musty cloud, that did not mix scarcely brought the light kelvin out in the dye No change, blended to clear with depressed hint of green No ChangeGreenish Cream Substance, mixed decently but still see through Teal color created with the musty cream color still around Same teal tint created as solution before Conclusion Throughout this experiment, I learned that mixing Ionic compounds can cause a different reaction for each. altogether compounds included sodium, which made it interesting to see the different reactions occur and by changing one chemical in the compound. The reactions that took place were exclusively physical reactions, mostly being a color change or the addition of the creamy color look. Dark paper makes all colourize ore easily spotted, whether a change took place or not.My personal positron emission tomography was adding the Nappy simply because it brought out all of the original colors of the solutions. This helped me transform the changes that were taking place as I went throughout the rest of the experiment. For umteen of the additions, as time passed they became more defined. Ionic compounds typically carry dickens charges, one positive and one negative. This is why the white participate is make in all of the equations. Sodium Sulfate and Sodium Chloride both had little to no change to the substance in al reactions, this lead misconduct could occur in this experiment, but it was very difficult.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

The Narrative of Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Cabeza de Vaca, the treasurer of an expedition from Spain was shipwrecked and was ultimately forced to trek several miles by natives of Hernan Cortes. Cabeza de Vaca survived by learning the language of the natives and serving them as their physician. After cardinal years of living with them, he imbibed the culture of the native volume in the ara, genuine an affinity with them such that his rescue from them was not quite a welcome treat for him.He and his 600 men meandered on the interior of New Spain only when they ended up to only 4 men on the journey. This clemency for the natives is quite interesting as we see how he changed his ways and close to beliefs about. There are many answers to this question. Some say that maybe De Vaca genuinely began to respect the natives ways. But in the context of the work, I believe this is nil more than an extended case of capital of Sweden syndrome.It shows more the changes that he experienced with the natives over the course of his ye ars in America such that he has been smitten by the natives (Societal Stockholm Syndrome). What is Stockholm Syndrome? This term was used during the earlier 70s to denote the different reactions of bank employees to the people who hostaged them. This happened when three women and atomic number 53 man was hostaged in wiz of the largest banks in Stockholm. Instead of completely resisting these ex-convicts, the captives even resisted the regimens efforts to rescue them.They had developed an affinity with the men. It may seem bewilder at first, but when one looks at this to explain what Cabeza de Vaca experienced with the natives, one can readily say that it was largely due to the fact that the Cabeza had developed compassion to the natives who similarly showed him kindness while they kept him prisoner (Societal Stockholm Syndrome). In sharing of himself and what he knows as a physician, his giving was also his receiving. At such time, giving is its own reward.He was with the nati ves at those times in a way he will never forget, even if they were to make full a draw in after being separated. Sharing with love and caring comes when one gives freely of himself and what he has, and one reciprocates the kindness. This is gleaned all over his writings as illustrated in one of the Chapters where he recounts. Then, supporting us under our arms, they move us from one to another of the four big fires they had built along the path.At each fire, when we regained a little warmth and strength, they took us on so swiftly our feet hardly touched ground. (Cabeza de Vacas Adventures in the Unknown intragroup of America). This seemed like being pampered guests instead of being captives. In any relationship, in that respect are things one appreciates. If the relationship has much depth, such as what transpired in the narratives of Cabeza de Vaca, then, it was but natural for the Cabeza to be so involved with the activities of the natives. Telling them of his fears is as m uch a gift as telling them of his appreciations.Sharing these feelings opened up the natives innate inclination toward elasticity and trust. Genuine concern for the welfare of the people in ones life never takes the form of abandon towards them as lived by the Cabeza. He did not use violence to gain his own ends and he even convinced himself that its good for them as when the natives initially became oppressive. It is difficult for one to acknowledge acts of violence and oppression for they are statements of ones own feelings of incompetence.Perhaps the Cabeza knew that violence ultimately leads, in more or less cases, to results just the opposite of those it was intended to produce.REFERENCES Cabeza de Vacas Adventures in the Unknown inside(prenominal) of America. Translated by Cyclone Covey. Retrieved May 29, 2007 at http//www. ibiblio. org/eldritch/cdv/rel. htmc19Castaway The Narrative of Alvar Nunez Cageza de Vaca. University of California Press. family line 23, 1993. Societ al Stockholm Syndrome. Retrieved May 29, 2007 at http//web2. iadfw. net/ktrig246/out_of_cave/sss. html

An Analysis of Les Miserables’ Bring Him Home Essay

One of the most popular numberss in Les Miserables is the song empower Bring Him Home. It is sung by dungaree Valjean in Act II of Les Miserables as a form of petitioner to God in vagabond for a young man named Marius to be able to return piazza to the woman he loves, Cosette (Guy & Llewelyn-Jones, ). The story behind the song is that Cosette was an orphan whom Jean Valjean had cared for who fell in love with the young man named Marius. However, Marius had become mired in a series of anti-government riots, which puts her relationship with Cosette in a rattling awkward position.Jean Valjean decides to help Marius get back to Cosette, and this song was his prayer (Guy and Llewelyn-Jones, ). The prominent theme in the song is the longing for the safety of another(prenominal) individual. It was, in a sense, finding happiness in the happiness of another, and the tattleer, Valjean, indicated that he wanted the young boy named Maruis to be able to be brought menage safely, back to the arms of Cosette. Valjean sings to the Lord, appealing to Him, and trying to reason to Him, that Marius deserved to be able to go home.He sings He is young, hes afraid, permit him rest, heaven blessed. Bring him home. Bring him home. Bring him home (NIEHS, n. d. ). Valjean goes on to sing that if he had a son, it would have been Marius, and despite the anti-government riots Marius had participated on, Valjean believes that he is a thoroughly man and he deserves to be able to have a chance event at life for he is very young. In fact, Valjean even sings that You stinkpot take, you can give, let him be let him live. If I die, let me die.let him leave, bring him home (NIEHS, n. d. ). If one is to read this carefully, it would mean that Valjeans song is saying that, it does not matter if he dies, as long as God spares this young man who is in love with Cosette and brings him home. References NIEHS. (n. d. ). Bring Him Home. Retrieved from http//kids. niehs. nih. gov/lyrics/bringh om. htm. Guy, A. & Llewelyn-Jones, I. (2004). A students guide to GCSE music For the WJEC specification. London Rhinegold Publishing Ltd.

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Corporation Rules and Regulations Essay

The group had been probable for 70% of Australian asbestos consumption. However, in February 2007, ASIC had started to chatter civil proceedings against crowd together Hardie, the theater managing handlers and the officers, as ASIC supposed that JHIL and both executive and non-executive had get arounded their statutory duty. This short enquiry report had unwraplined the role of ASIC and various penalisation that ASIC stern impose below Corporation spiel 2001. Besides that, we will also reason the position that ASIC had held from 2004 until reliable date in notification to the managing directors of Hardie group.At last, I had provided a summary of the ASICs media disclose that had been established on 13 May 2011, and indentified the element that ASIC is hoping the High Court to uphold. The Role of ASIC The Australian warranter and Investment Commission (ASIC) is a commonwealth statutory good deal that arrange up by Australian Securities and Investments Commission mo, and it is a regulator which in charge of monitoring the Australias Corporation, products, markets and financial services (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh 2012, p. 736).On the other hand, ASIC is also a commonwealth authority that is responsible for disposal the Corporation f atomic number 18. ASIC Act provided that ASIC owned such powers and function that endowed by the community legislation to ASIC. Thus, what exactly is the corporation legislation means? at a lower place Section 5(1), they had interpreted the term corporation legislation to mean the ASIC Act and the Corporation Act (Baxt, Finnane and Harris 2012). Besides that, ASIC also owned the power to get going pursuance for criminal offences or apply for civil penalty orders if they believed that thithers a difference of the law.ASIC is also able to ban a director from managing a conjunction for a reliable period if they contravened their general duties. For instance, in the case of ASIC v Stephen William Vizard 2005, the mash held that as a director of Telstra, Mr. Vizard has contravened the Corporation Act Section 183, the duty of director to use the development in an improper social function, and gain advantage for himself, thus, the royal court order financial penalties and a disqualification order against Mr. Vizard (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012).As a result of that, ASIC actu solelyy play a signifi kittyt role in likeness to initiate prosecution against companies directors for misconduct in order to ensure corporation and those related parties are complied with the corporation legislation. Now, let us look at the duties of a corporations directors infra Corporation Act and what penalty can ASIC can enforce if the directors do non comply with the Corporation Act. The duties of a companys director The term director is a person who is official to manage control or tell the affairs of a corporation. under(a) Section 9 definitions, the term directors extend to a person who is n ot formally appointed as a director, but they act as a director or whose instruction or whishes are followed customarily (Baxt, Finnane and Harris 2012). In chapter 2D. 1 of the Corporation Act, from Section clxxx until Section 184, it dedicate that the principle duties of a director. They can be listed as followed Section 180 stated that a director or other officer of a corporation must exercise their power and discharge the duties in a manner with take and diligence (Mclnnes Wilson Lawyers 2011).Section 181 declared that, a director should exercise their power and discharge their duties in good faith where its in the best interest of the corporation and for a proper purpose (Mclnnes Wilson Lawyers 2011). Section 182 stated that, a director must not improperly use their position to obtain an advantage for themselves or other or cause lesion to the company. (Armstrong Lawyers 2007). Having understood the general duties of a companys director, we can now look at the penalties that ASIC could impose if the directors had breach their duty or do not comply with the Corporation Act 2001. The penaltiesAs we mentioned before, the Australian Securities and Investment (ASIC) is a national body thats responsible to govern the corporation legislation and securities regulation in Australia. ASIC obtained the power to investigate potentiality contravention of the corporation law and significant penalties can be imposed on the directors who had failed to perform their duties. The section of the Corporation Act attracting civil penalties under Section 1317J (1), ASIC can apply to the court for a Declaration of contravention Pecuniary penalties pay order (Baxt, Finnane and Harris 2012) 1)Pecuniary penalty orderThe court may order a monetary penalty of up to $200,000 to a director who breaches his duty under Corporation Act. Once the declaration of a contravention by the person had been make (Section 1317E), and the contravention is a corporation penalty (Price Waterho use Coopers 2012). (2)Compensation order Under Section 1317H, the court may order a person to compensate the company where loss is suffered because the person had contravened a corporation civil penalty provision (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012). (3)Disqualification from managing a companyThe Corporation Act Section 206C conferred ASIC the power to disqualify the directors from managing a company for a certain periods of time due to the contravention of their general duties (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012). This concept can be illustrated by the following case ASIC v Vines 2006, it had been found that Mr. Vines had breached his duty of care and diligence by misleading and an inadequate disclosure of material instruction to the board of directors and ill to ensure the statement was incorrect. The board was relying on Mr. Vines to get ahead complete disclosure to all material matters.The court held that, as the director had breach their duties of care and diligence b providing fault statement, thus, he had breach civil penalty provisions. The court decided that, Mr. Vines will have to happen a 3 years disqualification, pay a pecuniary penalty of $100,000 and 22% of the ASIC cost (Price Waterhouse Coopers 2012). ASICs position that held from 2004-2012 The position of ASIC held from 2004-2012 in relation to the directors of pile Hardie case had not altered. Why would I say that? downstairs is the details of ASICs position in relation to the directors of crowd together HardieOn he 27th February 2004, the NSW government had authorized Mr. David Jackson to conduct a finicky commission of Inquiry into James Hardie newly founded foundation-Medical Research and Compensation Foundation (Australian Council of Trade Union 2007). At first instance, it had been found out that, the foundation was in fact had a nearly 1. 5 one million million of shortfall, and a media release saying that the MRCF is fully founded to meet all the current and future asbestos claims to th e Australia Securities Exchange through the approval of the board directors during the directors meeting.Thus, ASIC had alleged that JHIL had make a misleading and deceptive statement. As a result of that, it had embossed a principle issue for the board of directors of JHIL, whether or not they had wittingly voted in favor of releasing the misleading announcement to ASX (Alcorn 2011). In addition, the shooter issues that had been raised are under Section 180(1), was a general counselor-at-law can be treated as an officer? The Original finale In April 2009, ASIC held that all of the executive, non-executive and company officer had breached their duty of care by approving the media statement to be made in ASX.In particularly, ASIC had alleged that, the company chief executive officer and company secretary or general counsel, Mr. Macdonald and Mr. Shafron had breached the directors duty of care and diligence under Section 180(1) as they had failed to advice the board to disclose the DOCI information to ASX (Hargovan 2009). Thus the court had imposed penalties on both of them Mr. Macdonald was disqualified from managing a company for 15 years and a pecuniary penalty of $350,000.According to the Corporation Act 2001, Section 180(1), an officer obtain the power in finish fashioning which affected the whole or substantial part of a business, thus, Mr, Shafron had a positive obligation to advise the board of the disclosure of DOCI. In relation, he was given a disqualification order for 7 years and a pecuniary penalty of $75,000 (Baxt, Finnane and Harris 2012). Mr. Morley had been banned from the direction for 5 years and paid a pecuniary penalty of $35,000. However, all of the seven former non-executives directors were disqualified from management for 5 years each and a pecuniary penalty of $30,000.The solicitation In December 2010, the NSW court of Appeal overturned the decision in relation to liabilities and penalties of the non-executives directors, the CFO and secretary general counsel of James Hardie Industries Ltd as ASIC had failed to prove that the ASX media statement was approved by the board, and as the appellate court had established that some of the directors had acted honestly without any intention to gain value from themselves, which is under Section 1317 of the Corporation Act 2001 (Hargovan 2011).Thus, amendment had been made in relation to lessen the liabilities and penalty of the directors and officer can be found in later section (summary of media release). Nevertheless, its worth noting that Mr. Shafron, Mr. Morley and ASIC had filled application for supererogatory leave to appeal the decision of the Court of Appeal. In May 2011, ASIC had issued media release that stated that they had granted a special leave to appeal the James Hardie decision.ASIC didnt change their position in relation to the directors of James Hardie and they are still seeking to uphold the finding that the directors of James Hardie had breached t heir duty by approving the ASX announcement made by the company (ASIC 2011). Media Releases Summary This article talk about the ASIC had granted a special leave from the High Court to appeal the decision of the New southwestward Wales Court of Appeal in the James Hardie matter in relation to the former non-executive directors and the former company secretary and general counsel of James Hardie Industries Limited.The ASIC has actually filled his application in the High Court on 14 January 2011. The purpose of ASIC to strive for a special leave is they are seeking clarification about the nature, content and scope of ASICs obligation, sequence the Court of Appeal had concluded that ASIC had breached their duty of fairness, as they failed to call the sweetheart Mr. Rob in the trial judge of James Hardie case (ASIC 2011).The failure to call the witness, Mr.Rob had make a tremendous impact on the decision of the court, as they cannot attest the non-executive directors had voted in favo r of the ASX announcements engage (Thomas 2011). As a result of that, ASIC is hoping the High Court to uphold the finding if the trial judge that the directors had acted in favor in regards of the ASX announcement made by the company (ASIC 2011). Decision As a result of that, in August 2009, the NSW Supreme Court had imposed pecuniary penalties on JHIL and all the non-executive officers and executive officers, plus a disqualification order on them for an extensive period.

Character analysis of Myrtle and Daisy in “The Great Gatsby”

Two of the main characters in The Great Gatsby atomic number 18 myrtle and Daisy. on that point are definition connections between Daisy and myrtle. For instance both of them are unhappy with the person that they are married to. This is because they are both in love, in different managements, with Tom. Myrtle tests to dep block off as a proud correct citizen unless the ratifier notices that there are many holes in this disguise.Myrtle wishes to emulate the appearance of a elegant citizen but the reader confabulate a clear disparity between her ideal passel of herself and reality. Myrtle does not have the figure of a high-class woman. She is incomplete skinny nor beautiful. her face contained no facet or gleam of run intoer.Unlike Daisy Myrtle is not a physically attractive person. The contain makes reapeated references to her being st fall out or thick figured All of the high-class people that outlive on East egg come crosswise as physically attractive. This quali ty comes though very clearly in Daisy. Myrtle clothing is one of the ways that she tries to project this upper class kitchen range. At one point in the book she changes her clothes triple time in one chapter. This repeated changing of costume is her attempt to be seen as though she os wealthy and can yield to have many different dresses. The material that her dresses are made out of is to a fault very expensive and this is one of the ways that the author makes it look like she is attempting to emulate a wealthy status. This contrasts with Daisy. She displays all of the qualities a high-class person that would inhabit East Egg. She is attractive and wears expensive clothes as if they are an everyday item.I like your dress remarked Mrs McKeeIts just some old crazy thing. she said I just slip it on when I dont care what I look likeMyrtle attempts imitate this my wearing expensive clothes and saying that she doesnt think much of them. They too dress in different ways Daisy wear mai nly black-and-blue while Myrtle dresses with more colour.Myrtle says this in order to musical accompaniment up her image of being rich.The reader can observe a noticeable disparity in the myrtles environment when compared to Daisys. This is principally due to the deviation in wealth that they have. Myrtle live in an old insensate house that doubles as a garage that here conserve runs. This is located in the valley of ashes with is described as a rattling(a) farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hill and grotesque gardens. From this description, it is unmistakable to the reader that the valley of ashes in an undesirable and unsightly place to live. There is a reason that they the author has chosen for Myrtle to live in such unpleasant surroundings. It could possible be because it her soundings reflect the way in with she uses people in order to climb the social ladder. This is in precipitant contrast with Daisy who has a cheerful red-and-white Georgian mansion, ove rlooking the bay. They also live on East Egg, which is the one of the most fashionable parts of the island. She also has numerous luxurious items at her disposal. For instance, they have a snub pry motor boat and expensive cars as well as a lot of horses.An other way that they differ is in the enjoyment that they get path life. Daisy is very bored with her life doesnt seem to have much period of play even though she has lots of money. Ive been lying on that sofa for as long as I can remember. This helps the reader form an image of her a person that has very few tasks to carry out. Throughout the descriptor of the book it surfaces that although she has a comparatively meaningless existence. Myrtle on the other hand takes great pleasure in attempting to climb the social ladder. Although she makes attempts to appear bored the reader can see though these. It is apparent that she is mirthful by the attention and complements that she gets while in the company of Tom.Daisy and Myrtl e are discontented with the person that they are married to. However they are so for different reasons. Daisy discontent stems from Toms love for another woman Myrtle, while Myrtle is dissatisfaction is there because he has married a man that she sees as a loser. He (her husband) is not fit to lick my shoe, this sums up that way that she fells about her husband. Daisy takes the opposite view of the way the Tom is treating her. It couldnt be helped is her receipt when she finds out that Tom has another woman. She sees it as if it where fait that he would in the end love someone other than her.Overall the reader can see that there is a sizeable difference between Daisy and Myrtle. These two characters are not entirely dissimilar because they both share some dissatisfaction with their husbands but have different ways of handle there discontent.

Monday, February 25, 2019

HR Management Essay

Negligent hiring is the potential indebtedness of an employer for actions of an employee who was selected for employment with proscribed adequately determining the persons qualifications for the job. Negligent retention on the other had refers to the prospective liability an employer faces by retaining employees who it knows (or should know) a re not qualified to per fashion model their jobs tasks or engender mental or physical conditions or propensities that result in them being hazardous to themselves or others.DiscussionEmployers need to do liable investigations on the prospective employees work experience, background, character and qualifications to avoid negligent hiring. The article of faith of hiring and retention provides that an employer have a duty to exercise reasonable sustenance in selection and retention of his employees. The employer should be aw ar of the employee hassles that make him or her unfit should avoid negligent retention. The employer should take furth er action much(prenominal) as investigating, discharge or reassignment.Employers want to be sure their employees argon doing a good job, but employees should not have their every sneeze or trip to the water cooler logged. This is where work send conflict comes to forep localize. Employees are the greatest assets of any company and an employer should put much care in protecting their privacy. Employees should avoid providing solely their information to their employers because such information could be used for identity theft as well as carrying out criminal activities such as fraud cases leaving the employee in pecuniary problems.Employers should also ban use of the new technology such as camera ph unitys, digital cameras etc because offensive pictures of workers in private, embarrassing or lettered situations raft be taken and sent to the net. such(prenominal) technology can be used to conduct industrial espionage. In this cue accordingly employers do are not obligated under a ny justness to use devices that can intrude on the employees privacy. The employers under the contract wrong reserve the blame if the employee get accident or injured during the running(a) term. Under the labor laws the preventative of the employees lies on the employer if the employee gets the injury at the microscope stage of work.It is the mandate of the Contracting firm to provide safety and health measures at all costs to the works employees who forms the main component assets in the company. WS4DQ1-Merit redress Merit deliver is pay compensation given to employee based on his/her productivity. Its based on the assessment of the employees productivity. Hoever merit pay is seldom used as most managers use it as a outline to motivate those indiduals well known to him or her. Merit pay should be given based on competence in work. Hard working employees need to be rewarded this should base on achieved measurable targets, units.Merit pay should be include as part of organiza tion package for various reasons. One is that merit pay enhances a vibrant competitive workforce and therefore eliminates laggardness in workplace. WS4DQ3-Kenneth Lay Lay was one of the Americas highest paid chief operating officer in America. He was Presidents Bush Treasury secretary . He dumped Brobdingnagian amounts of his Enron stock and encouraging his employees to buy more stock. As the highest paid CEO, lay never contributed much to the Organizations success rather he greatly contributed to its downfall.Thus, he was not entitled to the handsome package he was receiving, as he got filthily involved in scandals that amounted billions of shillings leading to the collapse of Enron. WS5DQ1 Workplace violence can take a heavy toll on a business in terms of liability, mixed-up revenue and employee productivity. Tangible costs-medical bills, Antony fees, lost wages, security cost, rehabilitation and property damage. Intangible costs include prejudice of staffs time, staff repla cement, company liability, moral issues that affect productivity levels.Preventing work place violence therefore means the anxiety of the human resource should check over the safety of work place. Work place violence can be prevented by being always alert-no work place is safe, understanding what the problem is, developing a violence prevention plan and responding to emergency incidents. Such policies as violence prevention plan should be put in place, the management should be at fore in been alert on any violence incident, developing a good working environment and cultivating on maintaining good teamwork relations.This is because when there is good relation among the workers, there is depressed chance of violence. WS5DQ2 Federal Osha does not have jurisdiction over those utilize by posit, county, city or municipal political sympathiess. However, several state plans do cover such public sector employment. State with approved state plans and in accordance with section 27-a of the PESH act, New York adopts and enforce occupational safety and health regulations in the public sector which are identical to OSHAs.For pillowcase public schools must comply with same fire protecting standard as private schools, but the standards are promulgated and enforced by the state. The atomic number 20 department of occupational safety and health differs with the federal official OSHA agencies in the sense that, states have option to establish regulations for hazards not covered by federal standards or more stringent standards than those promulgated by OSHA, which California does. California state agencies standards cover more ground and stringent than federal OSHAs.Mainly, California OSHA agencies differ from federal agencies in such areas as fatality for injury and illness prevention program (IIPP), hazcom standards, permissible exposure limits (PELs) and Ergonomics. OSHAs has continuously been involved in voluntary protection programs, which has indicated effective management of safety and health protection improvement in employees moral and productivity. WS6DQ3 The involution of unions in social policy areas and participation in self-governing bodies of home(a) social insurance scheme has been the subroutine of unions in Germany.With the increased enormousness of private pensions, trade unions have enhanced their joint bargaining role in this area. Besides unions have seized opportunities to enhance their role in collective regulation of state imposed privatization. Trade unions over the recent age have had their membership dwindling ageing of membership and lacking certification among young employees. This is because the top management or leaders in the unions have taken it as their platform to pursue their welfare as irrelevant to the welfare of the members in the collective bargaining.WSDQ3 The NLRB does not include coverage for all workers. These include individuals who are employed as agricultural laborers, domestic servants, par ents or spouse, independent contractor, employed as supervisor, employed by an employer subject to railway labor act, employees by federal state or local government and those employed by any other person who is not an employer as defined by NLRB. These employees do not have right to form unions as other workers since they are not within the NLRB jurisdiction.In one case, NLRAB was unsure how to define supervisor. Individuals who are supervisors would not be included in the bargaining unit potentially represented by unions or allowed to vote in the elections. The court ruled that this NLRB judgment is unfair. The court tell there were no statutory basis for excluding professional or practiced judgment from joining unions. The basis of the argument therefore is that each political party in work environment has a stake in forming a labor union.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a popular endocrinology disorder affecting 1520% of women in reproductive age worldwide (1). PCOS characterized by hyperandrogenism and high take of insulin opposite which leads to the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis, resulting in anovulation and catamenial irregularity (2-6).PCOS is considered the most common ca spend of anovulatory infertility. Around 90%95% of an-ovulatory women visiting infertility clinics cede PCOS (7). The current first-line infertility manipulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is Clomiphene Cit evaluate. However, it has drawbacks, including its over either woeful efficacy (only a 22% straddle of live birth with up to six cycles of clomiphene (8)), ovulation rate of only 46% (9) and an undesirable side- incumbrance visibility, including humor changes and hot flushes.Failure either to ovulate (clomiphene resistance), or to conceive with ovulation (clomiphene failure) frequ ently leads to the use of more expensive treatment options for infertility that associated with higher triune pregnancy rates and an increased adventure of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (10). Insulin-sensitizing agents, such as met carcassin, save been used successfully to treat women with PCOS (11).However, metformin also has ternary undesirable gastrointestinal side establishs such as illness (61%), vomiting (30%), and diarrhea (65%). (12,13) Furthermore, numerous another(prenominal) women who have PCOS are not quelled with ph tree branchaceutical treatment. In a survey done on women with PCOS, 99% expressed their desire for arrangeive treatment alternatives to fertility medicates, (14) and as many as 70% of women with PCOS use complementary euphonys (15-16).Herbal Medicine is simmer down widely used from world population for approximately 75-80% this is because that herbal medicine is considered more culturally acceptable, less dangerous and more natural for m of treatment (17). In Saudi Arabia, approximately 80% of the population use herbal medicine, and one of the main reasons is the ease of use of herbs that could be interpreted orally with prohibited painful mental process or invasive methods (18).Cinnamon, a commonly used spice, has become a natural product of interest because it has been considered to have health benefits, such as reducing blood glucose, kernel cholesterol, beta-lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing insulin resistance (19). Cinnamon increases insulin sensitivity likely because of its effect on intermediate metabolites acting at the cellular train (20). several(prenominal) studies stated that polyphenol polymers isolated from cinnamon bark could increase insulin-dependent glucose metabolism. (21-23)Cinnamon usually causes no serious side effects. The reported inauspicious events of cinnamon include headache, heartburn and menstrual cramps (24). In general, herbal medicines are better tolerated than pharmace utical medications as shown in a imperious review for critical evaluation of clinical efficacy and adverse events of herbal remedies (25). Cinnamon extract may twisting a execrable cost, readily available and relatively easily utilise means of reducing insulin resistance and thereby improving ovulation in women with PCOS.2.lit Review A randomized, double- silver screened, controlled trial investigating the effect of cinnamon on menstrual cyclicity in women with PCOS, women receiving periodic 1.5 g of cinnamon treatment showed significant improvements in menstrual cyclicity, whereas patients receiving placebo did not. Sampling from different patients in the take up showed the luteal phase serum progesterone (progesterone train 3 ng/mL), sonographic visual image of corpora lutea, and pregnancy which all support that the bleeding has resulted from ovulatory cycles, rather than merely changes in menstrual flow (24).That suggests that cinnamon appendage may have an effect on ovu lation induction in women with PCOS. Regarding the effect of cinnamon on insulin resistance, a study conducted in 2017 involving 66 women with PCOS in a randomized, double?blind placebo?controlled clinical trial. The women in the first group treated by cinnamon capsules 1.5 g/day for tether months and the second group by placebo capsules. The homeostatic model mensuratement for insulin resistance (p = .014) reduced later the three months in the cinnamon group compared with the placebo (26).Another randomized control study cogitate that oral administration of 1g of cinnamon extract daily for eight weeks was intimately tolerated and improved insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic women with PCOS (27). A double-blind randomized control study, canvass the effect of cinnamon and metformin on insulin resistance in 112 women with PCOS taking 1g of cinnamon versus 1g of metformin daily, shows that both significantly decreasing the insulin resistance (28).A study in non-PCOS patients with elevated serum glucose, 173 patients were enrolled and given 500mg of cinnamon daily for two months, showed a significant reduction on fasting insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and enhanced insulin sensitivity (29). There are many studies conducted on metformin as insulin-sensitizing agent on ovulation in PCOS women. In a systematic review, forty-four trials (3992 women) were included for digest, 38 of them using metformin and involving 3495 women, clinical pregnancy rates were improved for metformin versus placebo (pooled OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.51, 8 trials, 707 women) and for metformin and clomiphene versus clomiphene only when (pooled OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.96, 11 trials, 1208 women) (30).Since the cinnamon have been suggested to improve the insulin resistance in previous studies and taking into account the side effects of metformin, a cinnamon supplement may offer a good and natural alternative to metformin as an insulin-sensitizing agent and ther eby improve the ovulation in women with PCOS.3. RationalThe rarely and non-serious reported side effects of cinnamon along with the cost-effectiveness and availability lead to the need of exploring the effectiveness of cinnamon supplement as a complementary medicine for ovulation induction in women with PCOS.4.1 AimTo dress the effectiveness of cinnamon supplement and clomiphene change state (CC) conspiracy on ovulation in women with PCOS.4.2ObjectivesPrimary ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of cinnamon supplement in combination with clomiphene citrate versus clomiphene citrate alone on ovulation in women with PCOS, in King Abdulaziz University hospital in Jeddah 2018.Secondary ObjectivesTo rhythm the exit in insulin resistance after three months of cinnamon postscript in women with PCOS in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.To determine the effect of cinnamon and CC combination on menstrual cyclicity, approximated by menstrual frequency, during the study period, in women with PCOS in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.To stones throw the pregnancy rate in women with PCOS in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.To evaluate the quality of life in women with PCOS in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah 2018.Materials and MethodsPlace of studyThe study give be carried out in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Obstetrics and gynecology clinics, in Jeddah 2018.Exclusion criteria authorized pregnancy or lactation.Current use of treatment of infertility.Established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.Use of Insulin-sensitizing treatment at bottom the past three monthsHormonal treatment involving estrogen or progesterone in spite of appearance the past three months.Known hypersensitivity to cinnamon.Use of statin medication.Any other supplements that contain cinnamon deep down the past month.BMI 35.Sample SizeTo detect a clinically significant difference of 30% mingled with the previously reported system atic review of ovulation rate (46%) (9) with a one-sided 5% significance level and magnate of 80%, a sample size of 82 participants (41 per arm) is required. (Fleiss, statistical Methods for pass judgment and Pro fortunes, formulas 3.18 &3.19).RandomizationThe participants leave alone be randomized in 11 fashion using a computer program by dexterous assistance.Allocation concealment lead be ensured using similar bottles designate by letters A and B to receive either the combination of cinnamon supplement and clomiphene citrate or clomiphene citrate with placebo. The intervention allocation will be blind for both investigators and participants.5.6 interpositionThe Cinnamomum cassia(C. aromaticum) capsules will be purchase from Spring valley company (distributed by Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. USA) by the investigator.Placebo capsules will be prepared by Batterjee Pharma Company and will contain 450 mg of starch and 50 mg of cinnamon powder (to improve blindness regarding taste and od or). Shape, size, and comment of placebo capsules will be completely similar to the cinnamon capsules.Cinnamon and placebo capsules will be provided to both groups monthly for 12 weeks. Participants will be required to down two capsules twice per day after meals (2g/day).The last packages of capsules will be checked at the end of the month, and the number of remaining capsules will be counted after that, new packages will be delivered to patients. All capsules will be given simultaneously with the clomiphene citrate medication. Participants will be asked to forbear their normal lifestyle including daily nutrient and physical activity level.The 2g window glass of cinnamon is chosen based on published clinical trials in patients with PCOS (8,15,16,17).All participants in both groups will be followed for three months or until pregnancy confirmed. The three month-period has chosen based on a systematic review that showed the effect of cinnamon could be as early as 4 weeks and up t o 18 weeks (31).5.7 AdherenceCompliance with diet and medications and time interval progress will be monitored with monthly visits with the investigator or his train assistances along with SMS reminder or WhatsApp messages.Also, participants will be asked to return all study packs (including empty bottles) at every monthly visit.5.8 Patient galoshPatients will be monitored monthly during the study period, and any occurrence of adverse events will be recorded.5.9 Study OutcomesPrimary outcome Progesterone level 3ng/mL (ovulation confirmation) or pregnancy confirmed.Secondary outcomes Changes in insulin resistance, menstrual cyclicity, pregnancy rate and fertility quality of life at the end of the study in comparison with the baseline values.ProcedureThe study will be initiated after obtaining commendation from the unit of Biomedical Ethics in King Abdulaziz University and approval from Saudi feed and Drug Authority. All patients will be explained the procedure and risks involv ed in common, understandable languages and a writ decennary informed admit will be obtained.First visit Patients meeting inclusion and expulsion criteria will be evaluated during the early follicular phase (day 3-7) after a oral or induce menses (medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg twice?daily for 5 days) forBaseline blood worko (Hormone profile FSH, LH and testosterone levels).o In day 21 (luteal phase) patients will be tested for progesterone level.o Insulin resistance using homeostasis model of insulin resistance HOMA-IR and quantitative Insulin Sensitivity mark off Index QUICK-I.? QUICK= 1 / (log(fasting insulin U/mL) + log(fasting glucose mg/dl))? HOMA-IR= (FPI(mU/l) FPG (mmol/l))/22.5Height and weight will be measured and recorded for frame mass index (BMI). Diagnosis of oligo-/anovulation will be based on a menstrual pattern of oligo/amenorrhoea (cycle 35 days) and/or a low mid-luteal serum progesterone concentration. Hyperandrogenaemia will be diagnosed either clinically (acne/hirsutism) or biochemically (testosterone ?2.5 nmol/l).Last Visit At the end of three months, all subjects will be re-evaluated during the early follicular phase (day 3-7) after a spontaneous or induced menses forBaseline blood work(Hormone profile FSH, LH, testosterone levels).o In day 21 patients will be tested for progesterone level.Insulin resistance using homeostasis model of insulin resistance HOMA-IR and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index QUICK-I.Height and weight for body mass index (BMI).Menstrual cyclicity, approximated by menstrual frequency, (number menses/number months observed).Pregnancy rate using positive urinary human chorionic gonadotrophin and ultrasound detection of the gestational sac.Assessment of dietetical intake To assess participants dietary intake, a 24-h food recall will be collected three times during the study (at baseline, middle and end of study). Patients will complete food descriptions including food and drinks (brand names), food preparation (ingredients) in detail as ofttimes as possible in the last day.Pictures of food commonly consumed in Saudi Arabia, together with a set of common household standard tools (glass, cup, soup bowls, plates, teaspoon and tablespoon) will be provided to assist subjects in estimating the portion sizes of the food. Assessment of physical activity levels IPAQ will be applied to assess the physical activity level of participants. The IPAQ form comprises walking, moderate- intensity and vigorous-intensity activity and will be expressed as metabolic equivalents per minute (MET-min) per week. The levels of physical activity will be categorized into low, moderate and high, based on the IPAQ criteria.Statistical AnalysisStatistical analysis will be performed using SPSS 25. information will be expressed as mean SD for continuous variables and parcel for non-continuous variables. Normality tests will be assessed through Shapiro-Wilk tests carried out on distributively parameter i n front analysis. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis will include all randomized subjects, regardless of whether or not they received the study treatments.Per protocol (PP) analysis will include all randomized subjects who received the study drug and were not lost to follow-up. Participants who lost to follow-up will be false neither to be pregnant nor to have ovulation in the ITT analysis.Relative risk, relative risk reduction, Number Needed to Treat and Number Needed to Harm will be calculated at 95% confidence interval.Study variablesVariableOperational definitioni.e., indicatorScale of measurementOvulationProgesterone level in capillary bloodContinuousProgesterone level 3ng/mLInsulin resistanceHOMA-IR and QUICK-IOrdinalHOMA-IR Healthy Range 1.0 (0.51.4)?less(prenominal) than 1.0 means insulin-sensitive which is optimal.?Above 1.9 indicates early insulin resistance.?Above 2.9 indicates significant insulin resistance.QUICK-I range between 0.45 in healthy individuals and 0.30 in di abetics.Lower values reflect greater resistance with values below 0.339 indicating insulin resistance.Menstrual cyclicityMenstrual frequencyContinuous(No. of menses/ No. of month)Pregnancy rateNo. of pregnancies including live births, induced abortions, and fetal deaths per 1,000Continuous(Number of pregnancies including live births, induced abortions, and fetal deaths / Number of women aged 15 44 years) 1,000Quality of lifeInfertility quality of life questionnaire OrdinalEthical considerationsApproval from the Unit of Biomedical Ethics in King Abdulaziz University will be obtained before the start of the study.Informed consent of the participants will be considered an essential prerequisite for enrolment in the study.This study will be registered in Saudi Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) and at Clinicaltrial.gov website.Confidentiality of the response of the participants will be ensured by keeping the collected data secured and used only for the study purpose.Study timeThe r ecruitment period will be three months each arm group will be followed for three months, the total study term with data analysis and writing the thesis will be ten months.Table1 study time frame

Sunday, February 24, 2019

“Eve’s Diary” by Mark Twain Essay

eventides Diary is a satirical account of the days in the Garden of Eden. bitstock recounts the well-known chronicle of Genesis through a series of journal entries written by offer and Eve these personal accounts make for an entertaining and thought-provoking read. pairs personifications of gender stereotypes are easily identified but top the reader into a further exploration of duos deeper purpose. duos writing style explicates the paradoxical relationship among manpower and wowork force. Furthermore, tour and Eves conflicting perspectives within the journal entries leave alvirtuoso an illustration of their magnetic reliance on unmatchable another, despite their diametric differences.The story begins with Eve on the day after her debut duad creates a tone of despair as Eve ponders her situation and existence. That is what I AM-an experiment just an experiment, and nothing more ( pair 10). As Eve deducts that in that location must be a counterpart to her existence, h er disposition abruptly changes from twisting to optimism. Through this character development, bracing portrays companionship as Eves salvation and furthermore, mocks the modern idea of the contingency of a womans survival on that of a mans. Eves learning changes as abruptly as her disposition. Once her mind is at ease, she becomes aware and appreciative of her surroundings. This majestic forward-looking world is indeed a close noble and beautiful work. And certainly marvelously near to being perfect, until now the shortness of the time (Twain 14). Twain uses Eves passionate and evangelistic mentality as a personification of the model of femininity agree to nineteenth century stereotypes.The diction and timing of tours trigger exaggerates Eves naivety and sets a precedent for Twains exploration of their paradoxical relationship.Eves entry reads, All the calendar week I tagged around after him and tried to get acquainted. I had to do the talking, because he was shy, but I didnt mind it. He seemed pleased to have me around, and I used the sociable we a good enough deal, because it seemed to flatter him to be included (Twain 35). Though it is told from Eves perspective, Twain wants the reader to negate Eves idealization when reading of her interactions with Adam. When one does so, Adams annoyance with Eve is apparent.In addition, Twain makes a considerable effort to portray Adam as haughty, cynical, and drastically unattached in comparison to Eve Twain uses Adam as a personification of stereotypical conception of masculinity. During the last day or ii I have taken all the work of naming things wrap up his hands, and this has been a great relief to him, for he has no gift in that line, and is evidently very grateful (Twain 178). If interpreted in the manner Twain intended, it is clear that Adam has no concern with naming the creatures and is equally incorporeal towards Eve.Twain develops these satirical personifications even further to serve two middling less superficial purposes. Twain uses these conceptions to delve into the profound relationship between men and women but also to denounce them through his diction. Twains defiance begins with his decision to give Eve, a woman, the predominant voice in the narrative. He shows further disregard for popular opinion when he tells of the creation of fire. I had created something that didnt exist before I had added a new thing to the worlds uncountable propertiesI realized this, and was proud of my achievement, and was red ink to run and find him and tell him about it, thinking to raise myself in his esteem-but I reflected, and did not do it. No-he would not care for it (Twain 67). Twains decision to credit such a pivotal aspect of gay survival to a woman exhibits either an immense reverence for women or a severe distain for unoriginal thought. Regardless, Twains upheaval of the hierarchy of traditional Western gender roles transcends time and leaves the reader to contemplate the inclemency of gender roles.Ursula LeGuin, a published and renowned author of short stories herself, discusses the preponderance of personification of stereotypical gender roleswithin _Adam and Eves Diary_. LeGuin argues that Twains personifications of gender stereotypes are the most important aspect of either literally analysis of works by Mark Twain (LeGuin 32). Deviating approximately from the focus of LeGuins analysis, the most important purpose of Eves Diary to be the paradoxical relationship between men and women. As the journal progresses, so does the connection between Adam and Eve. Although their differences remain vast, Adam and Eve demonstrate a dynamic reliance on one another. They compliment one another in a sense of disagree their stereotypical personas seem to become less obtrusive as they acquire together.Through Eve, Adam is humbled and learns to be appreciative and observant of his surroundings. Adam has a similar effect on Eve her interest in aesthetics d iminishes and while she remains optimistic, she is not so dangerously nave. The story digresses to forty years later, with Adam at Eves grave. Adams eulogy for his lifeless wife is ingeniously engineered to happen upon with nearly every reader. He says, Wheresoever she was, THERE was Eden (Twain 129). Adam, and because the male gender collectively, possessed a magnetic dependence on Eve that was as involuntary as the polar differences between the two. Twain accomplished a feat that the laws of nature could not through Adam and Eves Diary, Twain provides an unprecedented look into why men and women attract in circumstances that should naturally repel them from one another. whole kit CitedLeGuin, Ursula K. Introduction. The Diaries of Adam and Eve. By Mark Twain. NewYork Oxford UP, 1996. XXXI-XLI.Twain, Mark. _Adam and Eves Diary_ Eves Diary, Complete. Project Gutenburg. 14June 2004. PDF iBook.

The Different Methods and Styles of Leadership

In a seminal and much-cited article on the subject of lead-ership, Lewin, Lippitt, and White (1939) coined the term demo-cratic- movement loss leadership to refer to a order of managing that drived give and take between leaders, or managers, and the plenty whose jobs they were guiding. afterwards identified with classify leadership, democratic leadership was valorized vis-a-vis auto-cratic leadership on one side and laissez-faire leadership on the other.One whitethorn readily imagine the bias in favor of democratic leadership style from the mere naming of the other style terms. The autocratic style of leadership has been linked to the so-called scientific way methods envisioned by Frederick Taylor, who in the early part of the 20th century was influen-tial in devising a strategy of employment behavior meant to elim-inate uncertainty and chaos in the workplace. The problem was that managers tended to leave employees out of the policy-imple-mentation equation.Supposedly, sci entific management would eliminate the adversary relationship between labor and manage-ment. Instead, science, the impartial arbiter, would decide (Kanigel, 1996, p. 45). Yet science inevitably meant top-down, hierarchical management practices Taylors experts and engineers did the thinking, while you were consigned to mindless doing (Kanigel, 1996, p. 51). Laissez-faire leadership, as the term implies, fully em-powers the group members.The actual leader recedes, but the group is responsible for its decisions. One trouble with that style is that the leader also withdraws as a resource, unless the group specifically asks for help, and intragroup rivalries and compe-tition locoweed develop that can limit group authority (Lewin, Lippitt, & White, 1939). There may be no shared vision about the groups objective. One may also infer the potential for the tyranny of the majority, a term attributed to Tocque-ville in his 1839 book state in America.That idea also sur-faces in democratic-st yle management, but a leader changes the anarchic process by guiding the group away from cozy power plays and toward unified group objectives. After World War II, authoritative management philosophy shifted toward ideas of democratic-style leadership with the work of W. Edwards Deming, whose famous Fourteen Points of man-agement include calls for management, not labor, to assume re-sponsibility for quality and for managers to act as leaders who distinctly articu recentd work objectives and supported labor in im-plementing them (Walton, 1986).Yet Demings management ideas were more wide-ranging than leadership per se, and the style associated with group dynamics is the boil down of this research. Democratic-style leadership is consistent with management theory that views workers, or members of the leaders group, as resources alternatively than as drains or or sothing to be coped with or otherwise got over. Even where some hierarchical struc-tures are in place, parley processes are meant to travel up, down, and laterally within an organization, and management practice diffuses decision-making events throughout the organization.Even important decisions involve input from employees at all levels (Hamiton & Parker, 2001, p. 58). The democratizing influence of such practice implies that communication will be interactive, not simply a matter of transmission system of messages (commands) from managers to employees. The implication, too, is that such communication must take place in an environs of openness, honesty, and shared confi-dence (Hamilton & Parker, 2001, p. 58), which tends to yield cooperation and productivity.Because enterprise activity is necessarily collaborative, communication effectiveness is of paramount concern. Openness for leaders involves disclosure (sharing) of information with subordinates plus the reply or feedback from them. The authors of the best-selling One Minute Manager valorize simple, direct, and honest commentary of what is ex pected by management of workers, together with regular follow-up and rating of performance, and a commitment on the part of management to both sight and results (Blanchard & Johnson, 1981, p. 8).That is, the more a manager facilitates subordinates work (p. 19), the more likely the workers as members of the leaders group are to be productive and to produce high-quality work. Leadership that focuses on facilitating rather than defining the details or methods of the work of employees starts with making tidy up what our responsibilities are and what we are being held accountable for (p. 27). Realism about goals feeds earthy work habits and attention to achievement of those goals.As leaders, managers must both yield and enable disclosure and/or feedback by group members in an milieu of psycholo-gical safety (Hamilton & Parker, 2001), which is also a hallmark of democratic systems. Equally, managers must be alert to non-verbal as well as verbal cues that may sum up information abou t a groups performance and attitude. Hamilton and Parker give the (nonverbal) example of the prestigiousness attached to corner offices as having the potential to affect the quality of workplace morale.Time management, too, sends messages about the kind of equality associated with democracy Being late for meetings may stigmatize employees (Hamilton & Parker, 2001, p. 160) but send the message that some people (for example, managers) who are late when others (for example, secretaries) are on time are en-titled to be so. To be effective, democratic styles of leader-ship lead by example, with leaders asking postcode of subordi-nates that they are not equipped to do themselves.

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Revenge Tragedy: Hamlet Essay

For a play to be considered a penalize tragedy, revenge has to be a prevalent theme throughout. vindicate needs to be intertwined in theatrical role inter turnions, and have a strong hold on the driving military strength of the plot. The desires of hamlet, Laertes, and young Fortinbras each exhibit how the plot of village, by William Shakespeare revolves enti imprecate around theories of revenge. The theme of revenge starts off very early in the play, when Hamlet speaks with the ghost of his deceased stick. When the ghost tells Hamlet how Claudius murdered him, Hamlet is enraged and overtaken with feelings of responsibility to right the wrong that has been done to murder Claudius. The effects of this get under ones skin on Hamlet are portrayed clear in the pastime quote, And so I am revenged. That would be scanned A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his resole son, d this same villain send to heaven (p. 161, 3.4). This quote clearly exemplifies Hamlets feeling tow ard this event. Being his fathers only son, he feels completely responsible for his fathers vengeance.Revenge has caused the downfall of many a person. Its consuming nature causes one to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. Revenge is an emotion well rationalized one turn deserves another. However, this is a very dangerous theory to die hard by. Throughout Hamlet, revenge is a dominant theme. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet all want to avenge the deaths of their fathers. But in so doing, all three rely more on emotion than thought, and take a very long gamble, a gamble which eventually leads to the downfall and death of all only one of them. King Fortinbras was slain by King Hamlet in a sword battle. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was have by Fortinbras because it was written in a seald compact. our brave Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteemd him-did massacre this Fortinbras.Young Fortinbras was enraged by his fathers murder and want rev enge against Denmark. He wanted to reclaim the land that had been lost to Denmark when his father wasNow sir, young Fortinbrasas it doth well appear unto our state-. to exact revenge for his fathers death. Revenge can be an invaluable dick to amass success and wealth, or it can be a terminal flaw that guarantees immanent death. It is a dangerous emotion, which can easily consume, besides it can be used to great satisfaction. Perhaps it is these qualities that lead us to allow ourselves to act on its impulses. The lessons learned by both Hamlet and Laertes are something that should be remembered. Revenge is not to be taken lightly. When acted on this is one emotion that can definitely come back to buy at you.

Oxidation Reduction Reactions

8. 07 twist File Oxidation Reduction Reactions 1. What is the difference between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent? The oxidation flesh (overall charge of the touch) is decreased in step-down and this is accomplished by adding electrons. The electrons, being negative, reduce the overall oxidation number of the atom receiving the electrons. Oxidation is the reverse process the oxidation number of an atom is increased during oxidation.This is done by removing electrons. The electrons, being negative, make the atom that wooly-minded them more positive 2. When first learning to balance comparabilitys, we versed that the number of atoms of each element in the products and reactants must be equivalent. What argon some additional factors that must be taken into news report when equilibrate equations for redox chemical reactions?Some additional factors that must be taken into account when balancing equations for redox reactions ar dividing the equation into an oxidation hal f-reaction and a reduction half reaction, multiplying each half-reaction by an integer such that the number of electrons lost in one equals the number gained in the other, and combining the half-reactions then cancel. 3. What are half reactions? A half- reaction is simply one which shows either reduction OR oxidation, but not both. 4. What two aspects of the half-reaction equations must be balance?Oxidation and reduction charges 5. For the equation Ag + NO3 ? Ag + + NO (Note This reaction takes place in an acidic solution. ) Step 1 What substance is reduced? NO3 Step 2 What substance is oxidized? Ag Step 3 What is the half reaction for oxidation? Ag ? Ag+ + 1e- Step 4 What is the half reaction for reduction? (NO3)- +4H+ +3e- ? NO + 2H2O Step 5 What is the clear balanced equation? 3e- + 3Ag + 4H+ + NO3? 3Ag+ +NO+ 2H2O+ 3e- Step 6 What is the reduced equation? 3Ag + 4H+ + NO3 NO + 2H2O + 3Ag

Friday, February 22, 2019

English Language Article Comparison Essay

In this piece of work I go forth be canvass both binds from newspapers. Both the articles argon intimately the same reputation and were printed on the same day (Tuesday October 13th 1998), however they are from deuce assorted newspapers. One of them is from The lie and the opposite from The telegraph, the principal(prenominal) difference of opinion between these two papers is that The temperateness is a tabloid and The Telegraph is a broadsheet. end-to-end this piece of work I will try to examine the difference in their attitudes towards write news due to this variation in mob of newspaper.The article concerns dogs that were at a constabulary dog teach unit, the instructor allegedly forced a handler to resile and hang the dogs, whiz of the dogs involved died. The early and most distinctive social occasion you concreteise ab step to the fore these two stories is the difference in advertizes. Firstly in The Telegraph the crest of the letters involved is tho a pproximately 1cm where as in The insolate it is 2. 6cm. This clearly shows that The solarize wants to make a larger impact and captivate your attention to that particular report.Other points almost the publicises that back this up are the style of writing. In The Telegraph the publicize has been written in seriph, this pith that the editor has decided to handling a font which includes small nonfunctional lines at the ends of letters, however The Suns headline is in sans serif and so doesnt leave these lines. This makes the letters much more(prenominal) than sharp, and right-angled this gives a problematical recover to the joints and helps attract enunciateers.A nonher way of life the editor has utilize the headline to attract the bear witnesser in The Sun is by using block capitals, this instantly makes the letters bigger, stand out and coupled with the words being in bold black and sans serif gives a real shock effect. A proportion between these two headlines though is that they both use quotes, this makes it sound and feel more real to a hireer because it says exactly what actual mass said and later on having read the subheadline, probably what they said in coquet. However, I personally feel that the main difference is the actual words that produce been employ.The Suns headline is much more affective, it uses words such as inhuman, kick and death. These words will instantly capture people and budge up images that will stir their imagination and make them want to read on. Not but this but the headline as swell as reads kick his feature dog to death, this makes it seem even worse because it wasnt a dog belonging to the police but his own family pet. It makes the whole thing seem even more cruel and will once over again make people more interested in the spirit level, especially for people who shake pet dogs.However, The Telegraph is much more informative and factual, it makes a statement about what happened without going into detail about the emotions of it. It says Police told to kick and punch dogs, although it does uses words such as kick and punch it uses them in a way to inform what the police had been told to do and doesnt go into detail about what the trainer was like. I likewise feel an elicit thing to also look at is the use of made and told in these two headlines.When The Sun says made cop kick his own theology to death it uses made to incriminate the trainers, it makes it sound like the policemen didnt take a leak a choice and that the whole incident was the trainers fault. Whereas The Telegraph uses told, this is much more informative and is simply saying what happened, there is no emotional settle in the way The Telegraph have written this headline. The subheadlines are also quite elicit, firstly their placing, The Telegraph has decided to place the subheadline before the main headline and in The Sun it has been placed after the headline. This may have been done for a number of r easons.In The Telegraph the subheadline reads German Shepard died after punishment, court told this subheadline has probably been utilise to give the reader a here and now more information about the story before they read on like the type of dog involved and the fact that the dog died. In The Sun they have decided to put the information that the dog died in their headline and the fact it was a German Shepard isnt mentioned in The Sun at all. On to The Suns subheadline and it simply reads Jury told of punishment this has been put after the headline to inform the reader of where the quote of the headline came from.As well as this in The Sun non only does it have a subheadline after the headline, it also has other subheadlines throughout the story to introduce new separate of the article and to split it into three parts the extra subheadlines are Warned and Shaking. These words are actually used in the section of the article they introduce so that the reader will want to continue. Y ou notice these words and they stand out because they are really expressive and they give you information about what is going to happen in the article even if you dont read on.I also feel that The Sun has used these particular words to good use, if you didnt have time to read the whole article and only read the headline and these subheadlines you would leave with a very strong feeling of hatred towards the trainers. Not only with words like made which I have already explained, but when it is followed by a subheadline of warned it makes you feel as though the police were threatened by the trainers and were warned by them to do nothing wrong. I personally feel that The Telegraph has a more hard-hitting headline for a particular reason.The Sun has made its main headline strike out of the page and really make you read on, this kernel they have put a simple subheadline so as not to overshadow the headline. Whereas The Telegraph has done it the other way around, their headline is not so hard-hitting so the editor has decided to include an emotive subheadline to aid the reader in being interested in the story and to red on. After having seen the headlines and been attracted to the story you begin to read the main text. on-key away in the hook carve up you can see differences in the papers attitudes. Firstly, and most obviously the fact that in The Sun the first paragraph has been written in bold, and simply written normally in The Telegraph. Once again it seems that The Sun has been much more emotive in its approach. Words such as forced and kicked it are used, not only this but the word DIED is written in block capitals, this is to emphasise the word and everything it means and the horror of what happened to the dogs. Words used in The Telegraph are very interesting.The first line explains that the dogs were chastised, it is interesting they should use this word because although it is hard hitting it probably doesnt have the same effect on you as kicking (which is in The Sun). However The Telegraph does say that dogs were hung helplessly from a wall by their leads this is then followed by a court was told yesterday it is as though The Telegraph wants to remain on the surround by simply stating what was said but at the same time drumming up emotion in the reader and making them read on, all in all The Sun is more opinionated and The Telegraph is trying as best it can to stay factual.A similarity between the two stories is the use of computer address. Both articles have many quotes from the police officers and trainers in question and almost all of the quotes were said in court. This could well be because on the day these two articles were published the case was noneffervescent in court and they had little else to go on than this. Also the source of the article in The Sun has done something slightly unusual in that he has decided to put some paragraphs into italics. This is almost certainly to resect the readers attention to that part of the story and make them read and think about it a different way.There are three paragraphs throughout the article that are in italics and out of these two of them focus on the stiffness to the animals, they go into detail about the way in which this happened and how the dogs reacted to it. The third paragraph describes how two of the handlers left in protest to what was going on before the dog died. Both these points are quite significant to the overall story and you can see why the writer may well have wanted the reader to be more aware of these facts that perhaps other points. Another point that I have found very interesting is sentence type used in both articles.It is normal for newspapers to use a parcel out of declarative sentences, these help the reporter to get across to the reader all the important information quickly and easily. An example from The Sun would be PC James slope told the court his dog Tazz had been hanged for grumble and The Telegraph Trainers at the p olice dog unit, based at Sandon, Chelmsford, Essex. However, differences come to pass between the newspapers when you look at the use of complex sentences, these are more rarely used in papers as they are perennial and are not so dramatic.However, as you would except it is The Telegraph that has used a couple but The Sun has used a lot fewer. As I have already described, The Telegraph is a more up-market paper and is aimed towards a sector of society who appreciate this sort of writing whereas The Sun is not. In fact a complex sentence has been used in The Telegraph to say the same as my last quotation of a declarative sentence from The Sun PC James English said his dog, Tazz was twice subjected to the hanging method after he had growled during training.

Using Mooc to Improve Rural Education

* Using MOOC to pass on Education in Rural Areas UNISA has made standoffishness learning a common practise in S bug outh Africa. Its position is entrenched more than so after the 2004 merger with Technikon RSA. The next evolution in distance learning beyond e-learning or computer-based training is Massive Open Online Courses or MOOC. This is made possible with the pervasiveness of broadband Internet.MOOC is a virtual delivery baffle that allows participation in learning activities at convenient attitudes and convictions,rather than forcing students into set time frames blended learning, which can facilitate widespread, often global collaboration with other students and teams of specialized instructors (Bujak,K,R, et al, 2012). Recently we enrolled for three modules on Coursera. org. The initial appeal to exploitation this broadcast was the flexible time schedules and immediate access via the Internet. Weve already opted out of one and there was no real downside because ther e was no monetary commitment in contrast to traditional universities. Benefits for Teaching E-learning has been around since the soonest stages of the Internet. It is well know the origins of this global inter-connected network began in the military and expand quickly into academic research facilities in the US before worthy in stock(predicate) to the general public in the 1990s. Expanding access to and the availability of e-learning programmes for students, teachers and governing body is an important step in furthering continental development and growth (Rupp, 2012).Even though Rupp (2012) points out the availability of e-learning technologies provides expanded opportunities for countries in Africa to make education available to their whole population. Clearly these same information and communication technologies (ICTs) allow students from the awkward or remote beas to access opportunities for scholarships to academic institutions they may non other than have identified. * Benefits for Learning MOOC introduces students to a new type of experience called intermix Learning by Bujak,K,R, et al. (2012). It combines face-to-face interactions with communication enabled by ICTs.A key term is that ICTs compliment not replace traditional pedagogy. Whereas e-learning was online only experience, more intermix the online and offline experience takes shape in self organised groups meeting confusable to traditional self organised groups of students who attend the same campus, except this takes place even easier in the virtual world. Initial research suggests that students are not only accepting blended learning approaches, but also they are improving learning outcomes. * Conclusion Two challenges reduce the word sense of MOOC.Firstly they do not lead to a widely recognized credentials and executable revenue models are not available at present (King, J. W. & Nanfito, M. 2012). Until two are addressed by institutions and investors in the platforms, MOOC, may be a blip on the radar and future of online learning solutions. Even though MOOC have caused well established institutions from UCT in South Africa and MIT in joined States to invest resources, clear impact in Africa continent remain limited. i segment that stands the most to fetch, are people who do not gain entry to traditional universities for reasons financial or otherwise.Internet literacy will delay the adoption further among the rest of the population in Africa irrespective of the availability of broadband Internet. As with all technological innovations MOOC will take a turning a few years before we know whether it is viable platform or not. * Reference Bujak,K,R, Baker, P. , & DeMillo, R. (2012) The University Disruptive Change and Institutional Innovation union for 21st Century Universities. Paper number 22012. Available online http//c21u. gatech. edu/sites/default/files/u21/C21U_22012__University. pdf 03 declination 2012 Rupp, S. 2012) Technology, e-learning and educati on in Africa. In Consultancy Africa Intelligence. Available online http//tinyurl. com/9dul5he 04 December 2012 King, J. W. & Nanfito, M. (2012) To MOOC or not to MOOC? Available online http//www. insidehighered. com/views/2012/11/29/essay-challenges-posed-moocs-liberal-arts-colleges 05 December 2012 Koutropoulos, A. & Hogue, R. J. (2012). How to Succeed in a MOOC. Available online http//www. cedma-europe. org/newsletter%20articles/eLearning%20Guild/How%20to%20Succeed%20in%20a%20MOOC%20-%20Massive%20Online%20Open%20Course%20(Oct%2012). pdf 05 December 2012

Thursday, February 21, 2019

Growth Strategy Analysis Of Samsung Essay

INTRODUCTIONThe Samsung Group is a multinational hoard corporation headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, sulphur Korea. It is the worlds largest conglomerate by revenue with annual revenue of US$173.4 billion in 2008 and is South Koreas largest chaebol. The meaning of the Korean word Samsung is TriStar or three stars. As stated in its in the raw motto, Samsung Electronics vision for the new decade is, root on the World, Create the Future. This new vision reflects Samsung Electronics commitment to inspiring its communities by supplement Samsungs three key strengths New engineering science, ripe Products, and Creative Solutions. and to promoting new value for Samsungs core networks Industry, Partners, and Employees. by means of these efforts, Samsung hopes to contribute to a weaken world and a richer experience for all.Samsung Group counterfeited several electronics-related divisions, such(prenominal) as Samsung Electronics Devices Co., Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Samsun g Corning Co., and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co., and grouped them to get ather under Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. in 1980s. SAMSUNGs aim is to develop innovative technologies and businesslike processes that create new grocery stores, better peoples lives and continue to make Samsung a trusted mart leader. Today, Samsung Electronics global presence includes a total of 111 subsidiaries in the form of fruit subsidiaries, gross sales subsidiaries, distribution subsidiaries, research laboratories and eight overseas business divisions representing northern America, Europe, China, Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, Central and South America, CIS, the Middle East and Africa. hall porters Diamond Analysis for Korea/SamsungProduct Dimension To build a unique competitive advantage, Samsung fol lower-rankinged a well laid out ingathering growth system. These strategies can be examined under (a) ingathering life motorcycle (b) product price level and (c) product divers ification. Samsung followed a purloin erect if we look from the product life cycle purview. It started its operation in 1971 with manufacturing coloured televisions which were in the declining stage inthe advanced merchandise. It then went on to settle colored televisions in 1977 which had already reached the mature stage in the PLC in other markets. It tapped the videocassette rec point (VCR) and microwave ovens (MWO) in its growth stage in the market by bridging the technology gap and reaped revenues. In early 1990s moment manufactured niche products such as DRAMs and digital videodisk (DVD) and entered this market in its introductory stage through agility, innovativeness and creativity.In 1992, Samsung became the market firm to many companies by being the largest producer of memory chips and guerrilla largest chip maker in the world however after Intel. Through innovation Samsung manufactured its number one liquid screen pageantry in 1995 and within ten years became t he worlds largest liquid-crystal display panel. Tapping the knowing recall market in the growth stage, Samsung became the worlds largest phone maker by unit sales in the 2012. From the price perspective Samsung started manufacturing products that were low final stage of the price range and then gradually travel up to the niche end products using innovation and high end technology.Starting from low end products was a strategical natural selection as there was low national income and the market had limited purchasing power, the JV partners were unwilling to treat their technology and the availability of a niche market in US for the low end models. Samsung product path choice has moved from commodity product to high end niche product market as it now captures the global market. Samsung has strategically limited its diversification in the electronics-related area only. It follows a related product diversification dodging.It started with consumer electronics and property applianc es, and then moved to personal computers and peripherals, communication equipment, semi-conductor and then expeditiouss. With the aim of capturing the strategic fit by sharing technology and management, in 1998, SEC merge with Samsung Semiconductor & Communications. In 2006, Sony & Samsung formed a JV S-LCD Corporation to co-operate and turn in a stable LCD supply to both the manufacturers. These diversifications discombobulate helped Samsung get a balanced revenue structure from its products.Phase 5 Attaining scientific competence whereby product and process innovation start to appear end-to-end the company.During this process Samsung made serious efforts to develop its own product approach pattern competence. It started to increase in-house R&D budgets and stepped up its efforts to assimilate advanced outside(prenominal) technologies and to develop new product. Having successfully caught up with extraneous technologies for most accomplished consumer-electronics products, SECs management accelerated its technological capability from reverse engineering to innovations in advanced consumer electronics, PCs and peripherals, semiconductors and communications equipment. To support this scheme, Samsung increased its R&D budgets. There was an accelerated gap reduction from the other major(ip) competitors of the world.The accelerated gap reduction may be attributed to the synergy found of three factors In-house R&D capability with a critical hole of more than 7,300 researchers. Availability of multiple technology sources, such as licensing. Technology alliances with advanced companies, overseas research centers in advanced countries, and foreign high-tech companies owned by Samsung.Intensity of effort by management and force play in research and product development. Samsung is one of the leaders in OLED display research and the clear leader in AMOLED yield. OLED Displays are thinner, more efficient and offer better picture quality than LCD or blood pla sma displays. A lot of research is being done on Innovative WLAN technology from Samsung Electronics for the wireless business environment to remove the issues with have with the existing WLAN.Manufacturing Dimension Manufacturing system was the third dimension that the Samsung controlled. Samsung always wanted to benefit from the economies of outmatch and scope. They had two strategies that is to either get vertically incorporate to support the mass production of television or alternatively, depend on CKDs from joint partnership and other suppliers from Japan. The main reason for this strategy was because of the lack of capability to produce the parts locally.However, Samsung soon realized that the foreign tie ups involved huge risk and transaction costs and therefore decided to go with the minimally integrated manufacturing system locally. Hence Samsung create a cathode ray plant, a parts and components plant and CRT nut plant. In 1980s, a large number of independent small an d culture medium sizes businesses mushroomed due to technology assimilation in Korea. Now, Samsung was so life-threatening in technology and quality that they could start outsourcing anywhere and any cadence. The Samsung started its overseas production base. The firstlocation was the Portugal and by 1995 they had twenty bases globally which accounted to a huge economies of scale and scope. The Samsung was sensitive to the changing needs of customers and hence moved from mass production to flexible manufacturing system to accommodate a new product strategy by late 1980s. Samsung introduced in multiple product models to meet the straightaway changing demand of the people thereby managing shorter product life cycles and competition.In early 1990th Samsung was still perceived as a conservative manufacturer and always associated with bargains. Samsung realized that with its lowpricing strategy it can only compete in the lower market segment whereas in upscale market technology and bra nd are competitive means. Samsung then in front decided to penetrate the upscale market and gave up lower-market in order to exalt its brand image. It re postureed all series of its products such as mobile phone, consumer electronics and memory flash to upscale market. Corresponding to Samsungs new position in the market it has relatively higher price in its category. high pricing would bring more profit and at the same time improves the brand image. Samsung is now developing products for the Indian market and tailored to their needs. Samsung has clung to its bounteousness positioning, with products that emphasized design, aesthetics and cutting-edge technology and prices that were commensurately higher. In 2005, Samsung introduced over carbon new products such as flat panel, LCD and plasma TVs, top-end refrigerators, mansion theatre systems, digital cameras and camcorders, MP3 players, notebook computers and mobile phones which were sold in lifestyle category. It is the market leader in LCD televisions and super-premium, side-by-side refrigerators and claims respectable market share figures in other product categories as well.Themost important strategy for competitive advantage has been the principle of survival inequality, which states that cost should always be lower than price, and price should always be smaller than product value. apart from price, another important factor which was strategically played by SEC was the concept of speed management by emphasizing on good purposes and fast accomplishation. The company exploited the opportunities arising in the world market by making timely decisions on product development and technology learnedness ahead of its competitors, as well as shortening the time to implement for example VCRs, MWOs, and memory chips In 1970s, the most important factor for Samsungs strategy design was to create a relevant product choice.This decision was important as it would have affected 1. Technology acquisition 2. Market ability 3. address competitiveness To reduce its threatening profile to the technology supplier, SEC took products in the declining stage of the product life cycle. Further, to give an incentive to the technology supplier, the word venture form was used, whereby parts and components would be imported in the form of CKDs from the joint venture partner. To gain market experience and overseas sales network, OEM was used. To build up its brand image, SEC chose commodity type products in the low-end price range. SEC chose massproduction as its strategy to exploit low-end commodity products in declining stage and Koreas high quality and low wage labor. This lead to a higher learning rate and steepish decrease in costs which helped reduce the prices further.

Integration Across A Range Of Learning Areas Education Essay

The universe around us is non compartmentalised or fragmented, nor are experiences and activities wholly independent of each otherwise. This mixture and blend of experiences are entirely inter-related and do up the tapestry of life. On a similar note, the taught prevail of study should reflect this integration to more than effectively prosecute callow scholars in an educational role which consists of mostly complimentary countries of nailing.Integrated acquisition is far from a new construct but until late mathematics has struggled to incorporate successfully with other topics.Whilst there is no remarkable educational theoretical account that mint be adhered to, the premiss remains that of winning several topics and incorporating them with one another with the purpose of larning going enhanced exponentially across all involved capable countries. Mathematicss has such a total range of application it is wholly appropriate that it should be integrated prolifically across a scope of capable countries.Integration works more efficaciously when there is a clear point of focal point for curricular countries to aim. This synergism of capable countries with a specialised end go off so complement each other in a much more valuable modality.Advantages of integrating includeCan profit students in halt and appreciating links between capable subject fields, and a better hitch of how this relates to life.It contribute relieve preparedness force per unit area on teachers.curricular thoughts are connected.Boundaries sometimes related to larn a specific subject can be eschewed.It can supply a valuable beak for support.More significance and relevancy can be taken from the larning experience. several(prenominal) disadvantages includeAdditional planning of plans is required in order for variant topics to be coordinated and to run at the same time. This in any case manner that a close respect to context and clip is indispensable if the integrating plan is to be effectual. If this is non considered so the consequence can really go damaging.The pureness of some capable countries ( including the existent range of the subject ) can go baffled or lost if attending is non paid.More skill is required on behalf of the instructors in order to maximize acquisition by effectual integrating.( Maude, 2001 )The usage of oppugning in a constructivist environment.In order to harbor students self-pride and develop assurance, it is of trade that oppugning takes topographic point in an encouraging and supportive ambiance ( Kyriacou, 1986 ) .Constructivism is a theory about how people learn based on scientific survey and observation. It states that through a procedure of experience and contemplation we develop ( or concept ) our ain leash of the universe. New experiences are reconciled with middle-aged thoughts and perceptiveness, sometimes changing old beliefs and sometimes going disregarded as ir applicable compared to these old beliefs. spe culative is of present moment when following a constructivist attack to instruction. Through pertinent oppugning pedagogues can help pupils in the building of their cognition instead than reproducing lists of facts for memorization.Questioning students is an of import tool in helping enquiry based acquisition activities and caper resolution.Constructivist instruction should animate the pupils natural wonder and desire to larn how things work. Learners should be engaged by using their existing theories and experience and finally organizing legal decisions based on their findings.( Brooks & A Brooks, 1993 )The usage of drama in a rich environment.The physical environment holds grand power for skill possible. The environment can impact mathematical acquisition and instructors should take great attention to see how their schoolroom inexhaustible can be place in order to advance kids s mathematical acquisition experience.( carol & A Galper, 2001 )The mathematically rich larning environment can be farther enhanced with drama, supplying puils the chance to see and prosecute with mathematics whilst comprehend grownups apply these techniques in real-world scenarios.Supplying a mathematically rich larning infinite can better the students mathematical exploits by rote.In adult-guided schoolrooms, instructors provide sustain by introducinga stuffs in the drama Centres and discoursing with kids how to utilize materialsa The pupils in those schoolrooms, in call on used more printed stuffs with attending to their printed facets and produced more printed stuffs than pupils in schoolrooms with no specific instructor counsel ( Gunn, Simmons & A Kameenui, 1995 ) .The ongoing nature of assessment and planning for learning.The procedure of designation, reading and turn toing the acquisition of pupils is the kernel of appraisal. The intent of appraisal is chiefly to supply communicateation on the advancement and ongoing accomplishment of scholars in order to set up a way for hereafter educational scheduling.It is important to describe this appraisal in order to inform and back up farther instruction via the proviso of of import feedback to the students themselves, their other instructors and their parents.Appraisal in the schoolroom is a cardinal component of underdeveloped larning schemes.In a competitory universe which is rapidly altering it is of import to develop citizens who are competent and capable of independent and flexible idea. It is besides of import that these citizens can believe for themselves.Certain appraisal schemes are more suitable to peculiar course of study results than others and it is of import for instructors to develop relevant schemes which are appropriate to the topic or method which they are using.( non-white & A Wiliam, A 1998 )Mathematical content cognition.It is of import for instructors to develop a heavy(p) apprehension of their topic. When learning mathematics it is important for instructors to non me rely develop an apprehension of of import mathematic constructs but they should besides be able to explicitly treasure the connexions on a cardinal degree between what they are learning and what they are larning.Teachers of maths should hold a deep apprehension of processs, constructs and lowest accomplishments that are appropriate and cardinal to the nature of the elements they are learning.It is indispensable that maths instructors know how to link and stand for mathematical thoughts whilst efficaciously pass oning them in an appropriate mode.Students should hold assurance in the pedagogue s apprehension of the topic and conversely larn to appreciate the diverseness, power and public-service corporation of the topic.The instructor should be able to convey these thoughts efficaciously and understand pupil accept in footings of inquiring, scheme, misconceptions, etc. whilst turn toing these issues in such a mode that it supports and promotes pupil acquisition.( Kilpatrick, et al . , 2001 )The usage of relevant course of study paperss.The usage of hands-on resources and manipulative s.Developmental spheres, temperaments and larning manners.It is really of import to gain that within any mathematics set at that place forget still be tag differences in the mathematical attainment of students. It is indispensable that the instruction takes history of these differences and is antiphonary to the demands of single students. It should non be assumed that the same instruction attack will be needfully suited to all in the group ( Cockcroft, 1982 ) _REFERENCE